Abdominal Aortic Aneursyms Essay

Aneurysms were first described by the 16th century anatomist and physician Vesalius, who believed they were simply a widening of the vessel (Collin et al 2009). An abdominal aneurysm (AAA) is a condition in which the abdominal aorta (a large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdominal, pelvis and the lower limbs) becomes large and ballooning leading to the development of several symptoms. The condition more often occurs in males compared to females. It occurs more frequently in above the age 60. When the aortic aneurysm is larger than size, it is more likely to rupture causing life-threating problems. This is a medical emergency requiring critical care. This complication is present in about 20% of the people affected with AAA. Another complication with AAA is aortic dissection in which the innermost membrane of the blood vessel ruptures due to the intense pressure causing blood to be filled within the wall of the artery. The exact cause of the disorder has still not been unders tood clearly, but several risk factors may be present including:- See more:Â  The 3 Types of Satire Essay * Hypertension * High cholesterol levels * Obesity * Emphysema * Genetic factors * Smoking (Albright JL. 2006 & Hallett JW. 2008) Individuals affected with AAA initially may not have any symptoms. Symptoms of the condition usually develop suddenly due to rupture of the wall or breakage of the innermost wall. Sudden rupture of the abdominal aortic aneurysm, often without prior medical warning, is the 13th leading cause of morality in the US (Li, Z 2006). Some of the symptoms that can develop in AAA include:- * Abdominal pain (which may be severe, consistent and radiates to the legs, groin and the buttocks region) * Pulsations in the abdomen & palpitations * Nausea and vomiting * Anxiety and agitation * Abdominal rigidity * Cold and clammy skin * Presence of the abdominal mass * Excruciating pain in the limbs and back, when the AAA ruptures * Fatal outcomes in the case of ruptured AAA(Albright JL. 2006 & Hallett JW. 2008) When the AAA is small in size (less than 5 centimeters), no treatment is required. Antihypertensive may be needed to prevent any further complications from developing. Besides, if the individual has any risk factors that can worsen the condition, it needs to be rectified immediately (such as giving up smoking, weight reduction, lowering cholesterol levels, etc.). Periodic evaluations have been recommended to ensure that any risk can be identified and immediately taken care of (Albright JL. 2006 & Hallett JW. 2008). Surgery is required if the AAA is larger than 5.5 centimeters in size, as the risk for rupture or dissection is present. The Aneurysmal defect is repaired by inserting a surgical graft. This can be performed by two method namely the conventional approach or the endovascular approach. In the conventional approach, general anesthesia is utilized. A surgical incision is made below the breast bone, the aneurysm defect identified, and the graft material sutured in position. The entire procedure takes about 5 hours and a stay of at least a week in the hospital is required. The second approach is the endovascular stent grafting in which regional anesthesia is administered and a catheter is introduced through the femoral artery present in the groin region. This catheter contains the stent graft. It is gradually guided into position using imaging techniques. Once it is position, the stent graft is opened ensuring a stable blood flow. The procedure takes about 3 hours can require a stay of about 3 days in the hospital (Albright JL. 2006 & Hallett JW. 2008). Several imaging techniques play a very important role in diagnosing and treating AAA. These include ultrasound, CT scans and angiography. Abdominal ultrasound is one of the preferred examinations for AAA. Ultrasound of the abdomen is also required following convention surgery to monitor the repaired AAA closely. It is usually performed as an initial imaging modality due to several factors including:- * Portability * Absence of ionizing radiation * Low costs * Easy availability (Radvany MG. 2006) Angiography involves administration of a contrast media into the femoral artery present in the groin region and then taking X-rays to determine the condition of the abdominal aorta. It is very useful before conventional and endovascular surgery for planning. It also seems to be very useful in the case of aortic dissection. However, angiography also carries a few risks including:- * Damage to the artery * Hypotension * Infection of blood vessel * Embolism and clot formation * Bleeding and heart attack (Bentley-Hibbert S. 2007 & Radvany MG. 2006). If the abdominal ultrasound and AAA greater 5 centimeters, than a CT scan of the abdomen is required. The CT scan can better help to plan the surgical intervention as the images provide a lot of detail (including involvement of the renal arteries, size of the aneurysm, amount of calcification, presence of mural thrombi, etc.). The accuracy of CT scans is said to be 100%. They provide a lot of details regarding the size of the aneurysm and also about distal and proximal issues. CT even with contrast media cannot be utilized to study dissection aneurysm or the presence of the extent of mural thrombus. They are also required following endovascular graft surgery for a period of 6 months as a post-procedural follow-up measure (Radvany MG. 2006). MRI scans of the abdomen are required when the side-effects of the contrast media used in other techniques could be potential damaging to the patient (in case of kidney or liver problems) or when radiation is contra-indicated. The images provide a lot of detail and are accurate. However, MRI cannot be performed in individuals with cardiac pacemakers. CT and MRI scanning also have other advantages including:- * Provides details regarding extent of involvement * Determine involvement of major blood vessels (Radvany MG. 2006) Reference list Albright JL. Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Medline Plus. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000162.htm Accessed October 20, 2012. Bentley-Hibbert S. Aortic angiography. Medline Plus. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003814.htm Accessed October 26, 2012. Hallett JW. Aneurysms. 2008. The Merck Manual. Available at: http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec03/ch035/ch035b.html Accessed October 26, 2012. Li Z. Effects of blood flow and vessel geometry on wall stress and rupture risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Journal Of Medical Engineering & Technology [serial online]. September 2006;30(5):283-297. Available from: Computer Source, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 24, 2012. Radvany MG et al. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Diagnosis. E-Medicine. 2006. Available at: http://www.emedicine.com/Radio/topic1.htm Accessed October 24, 2012. Woodrow P. Abdominal aortic aneurysms: clinical features, treatment and care. Nursing Standard [serial online]. August 17, 2011;25(50):50. Available from: Advanced Placement Source, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 24, 2012.

Motivation and Emotion

The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are not considered headings so they don't use bold heading format. Instead, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don't have to add page breaks. Note that all of the styles for this template are available on the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Styles gallery.Keywords: [Click here to add keywords. ] Motivations and Emotions There are five motivations concepts that psychologists use to factor motivation that energize and direct human behavior. The Instincts approach is said to be a set of skills, preprogrammed in people and animals. These skills are biological in nature and programmed into our DNA. Instinct is not something they can be taught, it's an energy that guides various species in specific directions. Some of instincts drive us to reproduce, to birth and raise our children a certain way.D rive-reduction approaches to motivation that energize the behaviors to fill a need. For instance, when you're thirsty the need to drink, or to eat, sleep and we produce. There are also drives that leads us to want to learn or achieve things. Arousal approaches motivates us as humans, to have a certain amount of activity and stimulation. This could be socializing or doing activities and bring out a higher level of arousal. Incentive approaches to motivation the desire to obtain a goal or incentive.This incentive loud be four love, affection, food, sex or another particular goal. Cognitive approaches to motivation is the drive for your own personal enjoyment and satisfaction, rather than a reward that is tangible. This could be motivation of personal pride and satisfaction that physical things may not accomplish. There are five main emotions that drives us: we have love, Joy, anger, sadness, and fear. Love, can give us all of these emotions, when you love someone it brings you Joy.And this love can also cause us to feel sadness, fear and anger. We may worry that somebody will not love us back and this can bring the sadness. You could also be Jealous or angry if somebody does not love us back. Meanwhile, there is one positive emotion about being a returning student here the University of Phoenix and that emotion is pride. As a returning student in my forties, I have so much pride in myself and I know I will not give up on my education. Within a year I will have my degree and no one can take that away from me.This is something that, I Alone, have put in the hard hours for my own personal success. On the other hand, the one negative emotion about returning to school is worry. I worry about everything, from the roof over my head to feeding my family. But, I worry more about school, my grades and completing my assignment of on time. I worry that I may not have what it takes to be a college graduate and do not have the strength to complete my degree. I worry about suc ceeding as a student. The incentive approach to motivation is what will motivate me to complete my degree.Each week I seek out the results of my grades s an incentive and the fulfillment in my motivation to complete my college degree. This incentive helps push and pull me through to the next week. Every week that is completed, is one week closer to achieving goals. When I need extra incentive, I will use of some of sadness and grief of when I previously quit school as a deterrent and a motivator to stay on track. As this previously caused me great sadness and frustration that motivates me to stay in school. Motivation and Emotion The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are not considered headings so they don't use bold heading format. Instead, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don't have to add page breaks. Note that all of the styles for this template are available on the Home tab of the ribbon, in the Styles gallery.Keywords: [Click here to add keywords. ] Motivations and Emotions There are five motivations concepts that psychologists use to factor motivation that energize and direct human behavior. The Instincts approach is said to be a set of skills, preprogrammed in people and animals. These skills are biological in nature and programmed into our DNA. Instinct is not something they can be taught, it's an energy that guides various species in specific directions. Some of instincts drive us to reproduce, to birth and raise our children a certain way.D rive-reduction approaches to motivation that energize the behaviors to fill a need. For instance, when you're thirsty the need to drink, or to eat, sleep and we produce. There are also drives that leads us to want to learn or achieve things. Arousal approaches motivates us as humans, to have a certain amount of activity and stimulation. This could be socializing or doing activities and bring out a higher level of arousal. Incentive approaches to motivation the desire to obtain a goal or incentive.This incentive loud be four love, affection, food, sex or another particular goal. Cognitive approaches to motivation is the drive for your own personal enjoyment and satisfaction, rather than a reward that is tangible. This could be motivation of personal pride and satisfaction that physical things may not accomplish. There are five main emotions that drives us: we have love, Joy, anger, sadness, and fear. Love, can give us all of these emotions, when you love someone it brings you Joy.And this love can also cause us to feel sadness, fear and anger. We may worry that somebody will not love us back and this can bring the sadness. You could also be Jealous or angry if somebody does not love us back. Meanwhile, there is one positive emotion about being a returning student here the University of Phoenix and that emotion is pride. As a returning student in my forties, I have so much pride in myself and I know I will not give up on my education. Within a year I will have my degree and no one can take that away from me.This is something that, I Alone, have put in the hard hours for my own personal success. On the other hand, the one negative emotion about returning to school is worry. I worry about everything, from the roof over my head to feeding my family. But, I worry more about school, my grades and completing my assignment of on time. I worry that I may not have what it takes to be a college graduate and do not have the strength to complete my degree. I worry about suc ceeding as a student. The incentive approach to motivation is what will motivate me to complete my degree.Each week I seek out the results of my grades s an incentive and the fulfillment in my motivation to complete my college degree. This incentive helps push and pull me through to the next week. Every week that is completed, is one week closer to achieving goals. When I need extra incentive, I will use of some of sadness and grief of when I previously quit school as a deterrent and a motivator to stay on track. As this previously caused me great sadness and frustration that motivates me to stay in school.

Species Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Species - Essay Example The US alone estimate that invasive species cost its economy approximately $138 billion per year (Pimentel, Lach, Zuniga & Morrison, 1999). The introduction of this non-native species has proved to have dire consequences to the environments and ecosystems. One invasive species that has had severe costs to host nations is Bufflegrass. As an invasive species it has now become naturalized in the Americas, Australia, Hawaii and Mexico to name a few. Bufflegrass thrives in low rainfall a condition which makes it the perfect species to introduce to arid countries and was first introduced in the US and Mexico to improve forage for cattle, Arizona and the Sonaran desert were the ideal ecosystems for the grass to grow. Bufflegrass is drought resistant so thrived in its native countries including Africa. The grass will withstand heavy grazing and so was introduced for this purpose so the conversion of forest, homogenous grassland and savanna to pasture for grazing created the ideal environment for this hardy grass to grow. However the problem lies in that this invasive grass has spread from cultivated areas to natural ecosystems at an alarming rate as it will grow in all soil types and including sandy and stony soils. Bufflegrass grows densely and so crowds out native plants of similar size and due to its ability to resist drought will remain dense even in dry years. It attacks native plants by its ability to win competition for natural resources such as water, space and soil nutrients so prevents homogenous plants from maturing and germinating and secondly it is highly flammable but resistant to fire, once a grass fire has occurred it is not unusual that only the Bufflegrass grows back. The Sonaran Desert evolved without fire as an ecological factor and most of its plants cannot tolerate it. The Bufflegrass populations in Saguaro National Park have quadrupled in size between 2002 and 2006 despite the outbreaks of several vastly spread fires (Bean & Betancourt, 2006). The economic factor is that with the increased risk of fires utility infrastructures are threatened, property may decrease in value as areas become known for fire hazards, insurance rates rise not to mention the cost to governments in having to find means of managing the invasive grass. There is also the cost of life involved, in November 2005 a man was burned to death in a Bufflegrass fire in Arizona Bibliography Bean, Travis M. & Betancourt Julio L. (2006) Bufflegrass in theS onoran Desert: Can we prevent the unhinging of a unique American ecosystem The Plant Press THE ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY VOLUME 30, NUMBER 1 (Retrieved on 18th November 2008) http://aznps.org/PDFs/PlantPress/PP30.1.pdf Pimentel, D, Lach, L, Zuniga R, & Morrison, D. (1999) Environmental and Economic Costs associated with Non-Indigenous Species in the United States College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca

Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Critical thinking - Essay Example persecuted for the sake of Christ, for they shall inherit the Kingdom.† In this case, the bible also sees violence (persecution) as a natural think which people should tolerate. Arjuna’s perceptions of his enemies as fathers, sons, brothers, teachers etc can be applied in my day to day existence because I always encounter things in my life that may seem as if I am fighting against my subconscious mind. In order to do what is right, I have to confront the wrong things even if it involves fighting against my negative side and those of my own people. In places such as long lines in the market and in jams, I will always fight against those negative thoughts that tell me to overtake others in the line, and it makes me to tolerate the long lines and become patient. Plato thinks that public opinion should not determine how we behave. We should not worry about public opinion but about how we behave. According to Plato, public opinion should only be used to derive wise and expert advice and not to be used to determine one’s behaviour. One of the values that Socrates values more than life is obeying the law (Kraut 1984). Socrates considered whether it was just or unjust for him to escape, not what people are saying. If I were Crito, I would argue that although it is unjust to leave prison, the moral value of taking care of family should be precedent over any law; being accused by the state unjustly was by itself against that moral value. So Socrates should have fought against that injustice by leaving the prison. According to Jesus, the purpose of good conduct is for God and others to see. Being good enables people to be light of the world and salt of the earth. This means that being good sets a good example for others to emulate and makes one to be accepted in the society and have a good image in the public. According to my experience, being good enables me to gain respect from people. Whenever I did good things in the past, people congratulated me and gave me

Factory collapse by tran tran Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Factory collapse by tran tran - Essay Example Prior to construction, the factory should have quality material in use. Some contractors may work too consume the minimum costs hence ends up using poor quality materials that pose extra risks to the factory. In addition to that, the machines the factory will also use act as a determining factor to the strength of the foundation. In such cases, some factories use machines that are at the dispensation of continuous vibration hence weakening the foundation of the building. All these can be on achievement when there is close monitoring and evaluation by a qualified architect and the rest of a multidisciplinary approach (Reynolds and McKeown, 660). Therefore, a societal strict policy should be in place to ensure that all the constructors utilize the quality steel and cement when constructing the factories avoids any future predicament. Such proactive approach is likely to ensure that there are no cases of factory

Risk Management Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Risk Management Bachelor - Essay Example (European Airline industry-strategies for the new Millenium-sky Tech Solutions accessed from the website www.skytechsolutions.com and Global Market Forecast, The future of flying, 2006-2025, (2006), November, Accessed from the website www.airbus.com). Now it has been evident that aviation market in Europe has been increasing especially for low-cost carriers and therefore our airlines Blue Star will be started as soon as possible to take the advantage of booming air travel market. The proposed airlines "Blue Star" is willing to start operations from Vienna (Austria), whose location is more central to Eastern Europe and have the potential to cover Baltic nations (Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania), Poland, Czech & Slovakia, Hungary, Italy, Croatia, Germany etc. The next important fact that founding partners of the Airlines are from three nationalities and around 45 years of age with 15 years of experience in managing an airlines which will prove successful in the long run. Another important fact that airline is starting with 10 same size/carrying capacity and most probably the same type of planes. It becomes easy to handle / upkeep the same type of plans for pilots and other staffs. It any reduce turnaround time and reduce maintenance expenses and training costs. An important fact in starting Blue star is that it is leasing those airports and concentrating on those destinations which are not expensive due to their landing fee or heavy traffic and where national carriers make competition more intense. The most important fact that airlines proposed that its starting capital of $ 100 million consists of only 50% from borrowing in which bank borrowing/short term is only $ 25 million and rest 25% is through long-term bonds. By adopting this method, airline ensures that instant debt-service has to be kept at minimum. These are the above five important facts, which Blue star kept in its mind to start with and will prove to be successful in the long run. The next important step is to choose the first 10 destinations, where the passengers' flow is maximum and risk of bad weather; security or political stability is at minimum. In Europe Most of the airlines are trying to operate in the east. Due to integration of Europe, Vienna is the place / hub for most of the airlines in central Europe joining West Europe and Eastern Europe. The Baltic nations, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus are the new found destinations where low-cost airlines trying to reach out. Most of the passengers from Western Europe are (Businessman) moving in the Eastern Europe market exploring new opportunities where as persons living in Eastern Europe moving Western Europe to find new job oppourtunities. So Blue star has to choose its all the ten destinations keeping in mind the passenger's availability. Three Baltic nations are at first place. They have to start with three airports namely Parnu in the Estonia, Liepaja in Latvia and Kaunas in Lithuania. In choosing the thre e airports we had not taken the respective countries main airports i.e. Tallinum, Riga and vilnius due to airline policy to lease those airports have low leasing costs and potential competition from major carriers as well as more waiting time.

Google Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Google Case Study - Research Paper Example SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis is the one of the most effective and widely used tool to conduct situational analysis. SWOT stands for Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. SWOT analysis takes into account both the internal and external environments of a firm. Internally, the framework analyses the strengths and weaknesses with respect to the various key dimensions such as productivity, human resources, finances, capacity, etc. Externally, the framework analyses the market trends, economic conditions, regulations, technology, etc (Ferrell & Hartline, 2008). The SWOT analysis of Google can lead to a very good understanding of the processes that are in place in Google and its positioning in terms of its competitors. Strengths Google has got various strengths in the industry that makes it stand out. The basic strengths that makes Google the market leader has been described here ïÆ'Ëœ Google is the innovator and the pioneer in the field of search engines thereby giving it a head start over the other competitors ïÆ'Ëœ The management style is open minded and Laissez Faire at its best. Thereby, the managerial decisions keep getting taken very fast that leads to avoidance of lag time and increased efficiency ïÆ'Ëœ Large amount of incumbent cash and steady cash flow ïÆ'Ëœ Although the switch value of the product is not much or almost nil, but the customers have shown immense amount of loyalty to the products of Google and Google as a brand The retention policies and the compensation policies at Google are some of the best in the world. Therefore, the attrition in Google is extremely low as compared to the general industry. This particular factor translates into the tapping of the intellectual capital for them which would allow for the better leverage of market conditions. This particular feature also results in the cost efficiency as a lesser amount of money has to spend in the rehiring process. The other factor that lowers the cost is the absence of training the new hires Most of the data is translated, thereby, it can be used by a large number of the international customers The products are compatible to most of the data platforms and hardware available in the market and therefore provide the competitive edge as there are no switching costs involved in the change from an existing platform being used by the user There is a strong amount of support that the company has been enjoying from the educational community maki ng it the medium of choice as a search engine The products are considered to be extremely chic by the urbane customers that add to its appeal It has got very high profile corporate interactions with the top notch companies like Sun and Apple that make the products extremely innovative and the user finds them easy to use. It also results in great amount of acceptance of the products aiming the corporate lines. As for example, the Sun intersperses the Google features with the Java runtime library(Boone & Kurtz,1995) It has already set up a number of channels in the telephone market that has only added to the market value of the product Google has been providing the service of free Wifi for the entire cities and the public areas which has led to its popularity among the various groups and the common public in general. It has led to very good public relations that have only resulted in the fostering of the growth.(Boon,2003) Google has entered

Service blueprint for Coyote LocoServices marketing Essay

Service blueprint for Coyote LocoServices marketing - Essay Example The lines of visibility refer to the management decision on what a customer should see and which waiters will be in contact with customers. The decision of the manager is to keep resources such as the chef out of sight so that the customer will believe that the staff are working hard. The internal interaction consists of the interaction between the marketing staff and the restaurant assistants, the relationship between the kitchen staff and the chef, the janitorial crew and the kitchen helpers. The company recently retrained its staff to reduce flight delays and improve interaction with customers. The result was more passengers and the continued profitability of the company The five tangible cues or indicators of quality from the customer's perspective are these: a.) tangibles - which refers to the physical facilities, equipment and the appearance of personnel; b.) reliability -which refers to the ability to perform the promised service accurately; c.) assurance - which refers to the willingness to help the customers to provided excellent service; c.) responsiveness - which refers to the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to inspire trust in the customer; and d.) empathy- which refers to the caring and individualized attention the restaurant p[provides to its customers. All the steps in the process are necessary to attain a high quality of service.Standardization is possible and advisable throughout the process for as long as quality, reliability an d responsiveness are observed by all the employees.The potential fail points are located in the waiting time and the transaction time. Waiting time is incurred in the preparation of the menu and the drinks which may result in lower customer satisfaction. The possibilities to reduce the perceived time is by providing cable television for the customers to watch, magazines and newspapers in the area, offering of free drinks and engaging banter with the customer.They could be designed out of the process, or what service recovery procedures could be introducedThe potential measures of performance are as follows: excellent technical quality, right image of the restaurant based on the promise of service provided by advertising and market communications and excellent functional quality. The technical quality knowledge giver is expected to know the offering in depth and detail so that information about its utility and application can be provided on demand. He or she must also be technically competent to deliver the service expected, adapting as needed to varied or changing customer need. The first service is provided by the chef and his kitchen staff. The second level of skill pertains to functional quality which is also known as customer relationship. Here it is often as simple as whether the service -giver treats the customer as a unique and important individual to be served. The waiters and service managers carry out the second type of service which consists of welcoming the customer, providing them the menu cards and collecting their bill. Service with a smile is easy to propose, difficult to impose. Smiling is

Kangaroo, an Australian Icon Essay Example for Free

Kangaroo, an Australian Icon Essay An Australian Icon is defined as â€Å"an image or symbolic representation, which often holds great significance and importance to the Australian culture. † Every country has icons that represent their culture and values; Nelson Mandela is an example of a South African icon but also an icon of the world, who represented statesmanship, courage, freedom and equality against apartheid. Australia also has many significant icons such as the Sydney Opera House, Uluru, vegemite, Ned Kelly, and the Koala to name a few. These have all played significant parts in Australia’s background, culture and values. Uniquely Australian. Ultimately, the Kangaroo has to be Australia’s most famous and significant icon, it is known by the majority of people around the world and associated always with Australia. Due to the similarities it shares with the Australian character, it is recognised as the typical icon of Australia. The kangaroo represents Australia in many ways including: the logo for Qantas airlines, mascots for many sporting teams, and all products made in Australia are represented by the gold and green kangaroo trademark. Likewise it is represented on many television programs (e. g. Skippy the bush kangaroo), movies (e. g. kangaroo Jack), songs (e. g.Tie Me Kangaroo Down Sport), toys and souvenirs. Most significantly of all, the kangaroo appears on the Australian Coat of Arms. Being an animal exclusive to Australia as well as one that can’t move backwards, the kangaroo is symbolically appropriate in representing Australia and the countries progress forward. Historical, Social, Cultural Context The kangaroo holds a significant historical, cultural and social background to Australia. Before European settlement (around 1780’s), the kangaroo was an important animal to Aborigines for its meat, hide, bones and sinews. It was also used in Aboriginal dreaming stories (also an icon of Australia). There is a well-known myth about kangaroo’s and how they got their name. When European settlers arrived, seeing such a strange animal they asked the Aboriginals what it was, and they replied with ‘kanguru’. In their language this meant ‘I don’t know’ which is supposedly how the kangaroo got its name. Aboriginal tribes have many different legends regarding the kangaroo and some see it as a reincarnation of their ancestors. Over the past 200 or so years, the kangaroo has broadened a lot in historical significance; it is one of the oldest icons of Australia and therefore should be kept that way. By contributing the Kangaroo to a National Australian exhibition, it will help to keep the icon of the kangaroo alive and significant. The kangaroo represents Australia’s cultural and social background and is internationally recognisable. It represents the Australian character in many ways including: Its size, strength and speed, which make it a national logo/emblem for Australian organisations and especially sporting clubs. Kangaroo’s are also symbolic of another Australian trait; to stick up for your self and not back down. With their large feet and long tail kangaroos find it hard to move backwards, indicating that Australians are people who are moving forward and growing as people of Australia. Discourse Discourses are the â€Å"social and cultural practices through which individuals and groups use language to establish their identities†¦they provide ways of being, thinking, acting and using language so that people can identify themselves in social and cultural networks† Discourses affect peoples views on all things, for example, two different discourses can be used about various guerrilla movements describing them either as freedom fighters or terrorists. The Kangaroo is so well represented as Australian that it has come to support and embody the dominant Australian discourse of both indigenous and non-indigenous people of Australia. This is evident through strength, fighting spirit, individualism, attitude, and their tough/rough personalities. To conclude this proposal, the kangaroo should be contributed to the National Exhibition titled ‘Icons of Australia’ because it represents Australians in such a way that it is known by most people throughout the world. The Kangaroo is recognised culturally, socially and historically and symbolises Australian discourse through its many traits. It is a unique animal to Australia and makes a huge contribution to Australia’s national identity. Representing Australia in so many ways, the kangaroo plays such a big part in Australia’s culture, history and even future, the National exhibit would be such a good way to show and help Australians understand how such an icon can play such a big part in the country of Australia. Bibliography Icon definition: icon ,2008, www. thefreedictionary. com/icon 20/05/08 Kangaroo Myth: Kangaroo, 2000, http://www. frogandtoad. com. au, 20/05/08 Discourse: M. Miller R. Colwin, Queensland Senior English, Macmillan Education).

Marketing Strategies for the Shoe Industry

Marketing Strategies for the Shoe Industry They separate different type of these shoes can help the customers find the shoes they like quickly and clearly. And the sale can attract the customers buy their shoes. Let the customers buy the shoes have a quick way and lower price. Advertisings Sign up email face book twitter Sales discount Though this advertising, the customers can know the shop when they online. They can satisfy customers new demand. Sales discount always can attract customers. Though the online information they can know the news very quickly and they can tell the information to others. 2. ALDO: http://www.aldoshoes.com/uk Shoes categories Trends: military; Victorian; galactic; American; heritage Women: sandals; buzz worthy boots; mid heels; lace-up boots Men: shoes (plimsolls &trainers; moccasins; casual; smart lace-ups; smart loafers) Boots (casual boots; dress boots) Sandals Special size for big size New arrivals Colours They have special size for big size, so there are more people have special size can buy the shoes they like. Give the price level can help customers buy the shoes which the price they prefer. Advertisings Free delivery when you spend over  £75 Sign up email: get 10% off Face book Digital connect on homepage When customer need to have the delivery they can buy the shoes price over  £75 and they can have free delivery. This can attract customers buy the shoes price over  £75.Though sign up the email, for the shoe shop, customers get more information about the shop and can tell their family and friends. For the customers they can get 10% off, they would like to go this shop. 3. Schuh: http://www.schuh.co.uk/ Shoes categories Women: high heels, low heels, flats, boots, sandals, trainers. Mans: trainers, shoes, boots, sandals. Brands: womens brands(schuh/ugg/red or dead/irregular choice/nike/iron fist) Mens brand (converse/adidas/fred perry/base London/ikon/vans/) Junior: girls(low heels/flats/boots/trainers/sandals/new in/bestseller) Boys (shoes/boots/trainers/new in/bestseller) Advertisings Face book twitter Blog Schuh TV Sales gift card Free delivery They have free delivery, the customers buy their shoes no need to pay the delivery. More convenience to people and attract more customers. 4. Converse : http://www.converse.co.uk/ Shoes categories Shoes : Chuck Taylor/Star Chevron/one star/Jack Purcell Collections : Chuck Taylor All Star Slim/ Blondie/One Star 74/Star Player/Weapon Advertisings Blog (top 10) Videos for advertising Hot chip film on homepage Different types of converse and the homepage is very fashion, this can attract more young people to visit. The film and videos can show the new products directly to the customers. 5. Clarks : http://www.clarks.co.uk/ Shoes categories: Women: boots/ankle boots/pimps/sandals/shoes/winder styles/party styles Men: Boots/Gore-tex styles/waterproof/active air/workwear/modern style Kids: boots/waterproof/willies/casual/sports/cica/school/bootleg Sports : boots/shoes/ waterproof/walking/hiking/trekking/open air/free style Originals : shoes/boots/desert boot/classic/fashion style There are many types of the shoes can be chose by customer. Advertising: TV e-mail TV is the best way to introduce the products. Most people watch TV and can see the advertising, and know more information about this shoe shop. TASK 2 WEEK 1(01/11) Note taking from internet and text book WEEK2 (08/11) Essay plan for marketing plan short report WEEK3 (15/11) Marketing plan first draft WEEK4 (22/11) Short report first draft WEEK5 (29/11) Task 67 first draft WEEK6 (06/12) Presentation-PPT WEEK7 (13/12) Marketing plan Short Report Task 6 Task 7 Final draft TASK 4 BUSINESS VISION I prepare to expand my business and set up a website about sell hand-painted Special Shoe. The website can give many choices to the customer. Customers can choose the picture they like and we can help them paint the picture on the shoes. So the Special shoe will have USP (unique selling point), this means that your product and service can attract more attention from customers in the eyes and mind. Special shoes will sell these to people who want have their own style. The coverage of my shoe shop will be the UK. More and more young people want to aspire after new fashion and be different from others, so they favour original things to show their personality. I found some well-known companies also do the hand-painted shoe, like Nike and Adidas. Every year they launch a limited range of hand painted footwear. Our shop does the B2C (business to customer) part, B2C part can help us know what the customers want and can save money and time. Customers can buy their favourite shoes cheaply and quickly. We can use website, newspaper and magazine to attract customers and make people to know our Special Shoes. Analysis External analysis Everybody needs shoes and there are many kinds of shoes in our life. For the country footwear is an important part. There are  £6bn of shoes sold to UK and half of them sold around the world (Britfoot, 2010 ). Today, some companies do hand-painted shoe business, for example, Converse was very famous for its canvas shoes. In recent years, Converse put out hand painting shoes, but these shoes are limited. So this cannot satisfy most customers demand .Our hand-painteg shoes are having a rational price and when the customer want these shoes we can painted for them. Most people can buy a pairs of shoes they favour and show their individual. 2. Internal analysis Our on-line shop sell hand-painted canvas shoes, but for different customers we also sell the colour pen and no pattern shoes, so customers can paint the shoes in any way they like. For all the customers we will teach them how to wash the shoes and they can return of goods if shoes have any problem within three days. Because I have 4 physical shops in high street, so I have existing customers and I have enough money to set up my special online shoe shop. Start my business I need some people to help me. I structure them in three groups, first is the group who buy raw material, second is the group who painting the shoes, last one is the group who sell the shoes. 3. SWOT analysis a ¼Ã… ½Strengths My shop start a new style of shoes buying, there are three main strengths of my hand painting shoes. First, because I already have four physical Special Shoe shop in High Street, so we have the basic of the customers for my Special online shoe shop. I set up online Special Shoe shop can increase many new customers for my business and make more profit. Second we paint the shoes of the customers choice so the customers cannot find another pair of shoes like it. Third, because our online Special Shoe shop do B2C part, so we can communicate with customers quickly and clearly. We can know what the customer really want and satisfy their demand. Special Shoes have a reputation for giving advice about foot problems and they can use this knowledge to do the same on the Internet. We can find the health magazine talk about the podiatry service and put our online shoe shop website in. This can tell the people that our shoes are comfortable, and then attract more people to visit our website and buy our shoes. b. weaknesses First, we can not produce with a large number of hand painting shoes. Because we make these shoes by hand, this restricts our output, and we need more time and more labour to produce shoes. Second, because we sell the hand painting canvas shoes, so this not for all people. The hand-painted canvas shoes just one kind of Special Shoe. For example, customers will not buy these shoes when the weather becomes cold. c. opportunities Economy is recovering now, however The world economy is facing difficult and dangerous times (BBC News, 2010) that means economy will not grow much, companies sell goods not very high. And though economy grow slow, but economy not too bad. Companies sell goods not too low. I start business online must careful, we need prepare everything to face any problem. Today, more and more sellers choose start a business online in UK, and the customer in UK spend  £42. 7bn online in 2010 accounting for the CCR (Centre for Retail Research).(BBC New , 2010) I start an on-line shop, so I can increase many new customers who need special shoes and keep the existing customers. d. Threats Our threats come from other online hand-painted shoe shop. People prefer buy famous brand. So the famous in the world, like Adidas and Nike will attract more customers. We must buy the raw shoes from the factory. If the factory makes the mistake of the shoes or do not give us the raw shoes on time, we will face trouble, for example, we can not give the hand painting shoes to customer on time or the shoes have quality problem, these will make us lose trust from customer. Marketing and sales 4 ps Product We supply our products to the people who want to show personal style. We put the picture online and the customers can choice. The customers also can e-mail the picture they like and we painted for customers. . We also can sell the pigment and paint brush to customers, if they want to paint the shoes by themselves. We try our best have a good reputation and supply good products and service to customers b. Place We sell the hand painting shoes on-line. Customers can enter my online Special Shoe shop and buy shoes anytime and anywhere. And we no need to pay the rent of physical shops. It has a lower cost to set-up an online Special Shoe Shop. The customers around the world can know my online Special Shoe Shop and buy my products. The online shop is no geographic retractions. Pricing We have different level price of the shoes. The price of the hand-painted shoes will between  £80 and  £150. These prices are based on the brand of the canvas and the pattern. For example, the shoes have simple pattern will be cheaper than the shoes have complex pattern. Promotion The promotion brings the benefit to the products, and promotion will give the products a brand and an image that the customers will pay attention to your products. I choose online activities and offline activities to promotion my online Special Shoe Shop. I use online activities, first of all I need search engine registration, and search engines can help the customers find the information about our business and products. We pay fees let our online shops web site at the first page of the search engine. When the visitors enter our online Special Shoe homepage, they can sign in our webpage use e-mail address. So I can collect these visitors e-mail address and send the e-mail about our Special Shoes. We can make a video of shoes being painted and put this video to YouTube or other video website to introduce my online hand-painted shoes. Second, I will use newspaper and Magazine to advertising my online Special Shoe Shop; for example, is the most fashion magazine in UK, most people read this magazine, we put our hand-painted shoe in this magazine, so more people can know my Special Shoe. Newspaper and Magazine advertising are cheaper than the TV ad vertising. At same time we do direct mail. I will send the information about my online Special Shoe Shop to the customers who buy the shoes from my physical shops; let them to understand our online hand-painted shoes. Customers Existing customers My Existing customers are the people shopping in my four physical shops in High Street. We want to keep these customers so we need give these customers convenient and we need work hard and give better service to customers. And we must pay the attention to all the Special Shoes, so we can know what the customers really like and meet their demand. New customers I set up an online Special Shoe Shop and sell hand-painted shoes. So I have new customers who need have their own style and buy our hand-painted shoes. And I do the online and offline promotion to attract more new customers to know and buy my Special Shoes. Conclusion In conclusion, online shop has many benefit of my Special Shoe business. It helps me expand my business; increase the kind of Special Shoes. Thereby, increase the customers and profit. Nowadays, more and more people shopping online. There also have problems of my online business, we cannot do the batch production and our online shop is a new, so just few people know us. However, if we have good advertising and the best products, I believe that my online Special Shoe shop will have more customers and become famous in the future. Bibliography Schneider, G.P. (2007),eBusiness 7th edition, Thomson Learning, Inc: London Edwards,S. Economy, P. (2009), Home-based Business for Dummies, Dummies 3rd Chaffey, D (2004), E-Business and E-Commerce Management, 2ed edition, Inc: London www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11721010 www.britfoot.com http://ezinearticles.com http://www.clpstudio.com/ http://www.paradoxartistry.com/temp.htm Task 5 With the development of society, Internet becomes very important in our life. Internet has much information from the world and it becomes a global resource (ezinearticles, 2010). The definition of online shopping is that the act of purchasing products or services over the Internet.(www.businessdictionary.com). The Internet also becomes a popular way to buy products. Because people can find the products they want to buy very quickly and clearly. They can buy the products at home or office. Online shopping is very convenient, so more and more people choose online shopping. Search engine is important for a website. Sellers must make sure the customers can find your shop very quickly and easily. In this short report I will explain what search engine is positioning, how importance of search engine positioning to the online shop and enabling the customer to find the website easily. The definition of search engine positioning is that The process of obtaining high page ranking on Search Engine Results Pages, these results pages are a list of links pertaining to a specific user submitted search term. Positioning is only relevant for search engines with crawler technology (www.anduro.com/glossary.html ). Search engines have three main parts. First are simply bots, this can finding the website the customers interested in. When customers entering the information the result will give you page title, keywords in page text and the information from other website. Second is storage, when the customers stored the website, the computer has an index for stored the website. Third part is the search utility, search utility can help visitor take the term they find match the search term in index. Then the visitors can choose the links they will visit.(Gary P. Schneider, 2007) Search engine is the important part of online shop sell Special Shoes. We must make sure that the customers can find our website quickly and easily. Search engine is important for e-commerce. So, give the search engine a good positioning is also important. We make the search engine have a good ranking, so our website will go to the first page of the result. Just like Google, when you search information, you will find there are thousand results. If put the website in first page or the top, the visitors will find the website easily and quickly. And this can help us have more visitors and increase the click volume. Based on the importance of search engine positioning, find the good way to increase the ranking of the website is the basic thing we need to do. We can give the search engine money to buy a good positioning. We can put the title of the text as the search engine or put the keyword of my product. For example, I sell the hand painting shoes, these shoes include in special shoes. So I can put the special hand panting shoes as the description of the website. Now I designed three domain names for my Special shoes online shop site. 1. www.cnadyhandpaintedshoe.co.uk 2. www.canvaspaintedshoe.co.uk 3. www.specialdiyshoe.co.uk I prefer choose the first one to be my website domain name. I choose this name in many reasons. First, I open an online shoe shop but not normally, the shoes are special. Second, the shop domain name include my name and I have 4 physical shops in high street. For the old customers the can easily remember my name. The pattern on the shoes all painted by ourselves. The customers can find our website when the customers entering hand painting shoe. Attract visitor I need to attract the visitors to visit my website and buy my special shoes. At first, I need to build a brand of my shoe shop and give it an image; this will make the people remember it easily. And make the customers trust you. For all the seller and customer reputation is the most important thing. We must make sure the quality of shoes and solve the problem very quickly. And we need effective communication with customers, let them to know my shop and my products. We can e-mail them the information of our Special Shoe. The other important thing is that makes sure your homepage special, clearly, and has enough point to attack the customers. For example, if we have the discount, we can put the discount information in a full position. We can use the big title to introduce our main products and put some customers feedback on homepage, these can make visitor know more about our shop and trust us. Because I have 4 shoe shops in high street, so I can have an advertising to introduce my online shoe shop in these 4 shops. I can put the shop website on the wall and window. And give the customers some discount in these high street 4 shops if they go to my online shop. For example, when the visitors go to my online shop to download a picture and print it out, they can take these pictures to the high street shoe shop and then get the discount. In conclusion that many people choose online shopping, so it has a good benefit. However there are many online shops, so there also have strong competition. For online shop, search engine positioning is important; we must give our website a good ranking at search engine, so the visitor can find our online shop easily and quickly. We also have a easy remember domain name. We do many methods to attract the customers to buy our shoes. Bibliography Schneider, G.P. (2007),eBusiness 7th ed, Thomson Learning, Inc: London Edwards,S. Economy, P. (2009), Home-based Business for Dummies, Dummies 3rd Kent, P.(2008), Search Engine Optimization, 3rd Edition. http://ezinearticles.com, Why is the Internet important www.businessdictionary.com Supply chain management Make supply chain short Supply chain is composed by many parts. They are complex; include the manufacturer and suppliers, warehouses, retailers, transporters and customers. So when the customers want to get the products, it will have a long process. But we do e-commerce; we can use the internet to contact the renders, so we can make a short supply chain and we can save a lot of time and reduce the cost of some part, so we can get cheap products and can supply in time. At same time we can ensure the customers can buy cheap and good quality products. Transaction Transaction plays a point role; every part of supply chain will have the transaction. We do B2B system to the suppliers and B2C to the customer. These all need transaction. Transaction will finish on Internet, so this reduces the mistake and save time. We must make sure the transaction safe and quickly. We can find the transform company have the good quality, and cooperate with the company. It has highly accurate so it is safe and have many item can be scanned so it more flexible and save time. Also when the customers buy the shoes from our online shop, we must send the shoes to the customers as soon as possible. So express company also important, we cooperate with the express company we believe. Stock control Every shop has its own store; the seller must make sure they have enough stock to meet demand. We use Internet to understand the demand fluctuation, so we stock the right products to satisfy customers demand. For our special hand painting shoes, we make sure we have enough no pattern shoes. So when the customers order the shoes, we can paint the pattern they like on shoes and send them to customers at s short time. If we have enough stock, we can save much time and can attract more customers. Because we use online, we can use the internet to follow the stock, so can be check the stock from anywhere there is an internet connection. Use internet, we can control the stock directly. Information flow Information will affect the sellers decision. All the information we get on Internet. E-commerce technology gives a fast way to communicate and share information. Every time have its own need, the seller must understand what the customers need and catch the opportunity. We can build an information system and get the information from the internet. For example, we can ask the customers do the questionnaire online, so we can know the customers demand. Depends on the information we will do the right products and service. Special shoes can use an Information System that will help them know where deliveries are; what customers are buying; where customers are; what the best prices are for their suppliers. They can have a Just-In-Time system to use this. That way they can use the information flow to bring better service to the customer and make lower costs to make prices lower. E-Procurement We do not have our own firm to produce the raw shoes, so we must purchase these raw shoes from the firm and for our hand painting shoe, we need purchase the pigment and the painting brush. This is B2B system and we finish the procurement on Internet. E- Procurement helps us purchase the raw products quickly and reduce the error. Because use e-procurement we can communicate with the supplier online also can sign the contract online. Use internet are very convenient to contact if they supplier far away from us. Purchase online we have not the geographical limitations; this means we can find the supplier all over the world. We have a good supplier, so we can give our customers good quality and cheap products. Find a supplier firm we trust, so the customers also can trust us. Bibliography 1.Schneider, G.P. (2007),eBusiness 7th ed, Thomson Learning, Inc: London 2.Wiley, J. (2007), Supply chain management-best practices, Chapter 1 3. http://logistics.about.com/ 5. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/products/journals/journals.htm?id=scm http://www.bestpricecomputers.co.uk/glossary/supply-chain-management-software.htm Task 7Returns policy As a good company, not only take care of its profit, but also has a good after sale services. When online shopping more and more popular, return policy become more important. A good return policy can help the shop attract more customers and make the customer trust you. So you can get a good reputation. I consider five parts to build my special shoes return policy. The circumstances of purchased shoes allowed to be return As a general rule, we allow the customers return in 14 days. If the problem is the size, the pattern they do not like or there is the quality problem we will allow to be return. Because, the customers buy the shoes online so they can not try the shoes, and some times the size of shoes will have a little difference. Due to the pictures of shoes on the website and the real shoes have the difference of colours, the customers also can return the shoes. The exchange policy If the customer is not satisfied with the shoe, they can order another one in exchange. However if they order another pair of shoes have different level of the price, we will return the remaining money if another pair of shoes cheaper, and the customer give us money if that one expensive. When the customers want to exchange, they must provide proof a payment, such as receipt. The refund policy By law, customers located in the European Union à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ have the right to withdraw from the purchase of an item within seven working days of the day after the date the item is delivered. (www.amazon.co.uk) We will use this as a basic refund policy and offer to pay for postage. The condition of the shoes must be return The shoes must be return when we find there are some quality problems we will call the shoes back and solve the problem. At the same time we will give the customers another pair of shoes and give them some discount. Responsible for postal charges If the customer wants to refund, we will pay for the postal charges. We can give pre-paid label for return. And customers no need to worry about the postal when they refund or return the shoes. This makes customers happy and trusts my shop. This point can attract more customers.